Austria - Austria is a federal parliamentary republic. The heads of state are Presidents Doris Bures, Karlheinz Kopf, and Norbert Hofer. The major political parties are the Austrian People's Party, Communist Party of Austria, Freedom Party of Austria, The Greens, NEOS - The New Austria, Social Democratic Party of Austria, and "Team Stronach".
The government structure of Austria is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (by election), head of government (by appointment via president), and cabinet (by appointment via president). The legislative branch meets at the bicameral Federal Assembly and the National Council, in which the legislators are appointed by election. The judicial branch includes two types of courts: the Supreme Court of Justice (members appointed by president), the Constitutional Court (members appointed by president), and the Administrative Court (members appointed by president).
The government structure of Austria is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (by election), head of government (by appointment via president), and cabinet (by appointment via president). The legislative branch meets at the bicameral Federal Assembly and the National Council, in which the legislators are appointed by election. The judicial branch includes two types of courts: the Supreme Court of Justice (members appointed by president), the Constitutional Court (members appointed by president), and the Administrative Court (members appointed by president).
Belgium - Belgium is a federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy. King Philippe is the head of state. The major political parties are the Christian Democratic and Flemish, Flemish Liberals and Democrats, Groen, New Flemish Alliance, Social Progressive Alternative, Vlaams Belang, Ecolo, Francophone Federalist Democrats, Humanist and Democratic Center, People's Party, Reform Movement, Socialist Party, and Workers' Party.
The government structure of Belgium is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (hereditary and constitutional), head of government (elected, but appointed by monarch), and cabinet- the Council of Ministers- (appointed by monarch). The legislative branch, the bicameral Parliament, consists of the Senate and the Chamber of Representatives, and meet to elect members at the Chamber of Deputies. The judicial branch consists of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court of Justice, in which the monarch appoints members.
The government structure of Belgium is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (hereditary and constitutional), head of government (elected, but appointed by monarch), and cabinet- the Council of Ministers- (appointed by monarch). The legislative branch, the bicameral Parliament, consists of the Senate and the Chamber of Representatives, and meet to elect members at the Chamber of Deputies. The judicial branch consists of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court of Justice, in which the monarch appoints members.
France - France is a semi-presidential republic. The head of state is President Francois Hollande. The major political parties are the Europe Ecology, French Communist Party, Left Front Coalition, Left Party, Left Radical Party, Movement for France, National Front, New Anticapitalist Party, New Center, Radical Party, Rally for France, Republican and Citizen Movement, Socialist Party, The Republicans, Union des Democrates et Independants, United Republic, and Worker's Struggle.
The government structure of France is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (elected via popular vote), head of government (appointed by president), and cabinet- the Council of Ministers- (appointed by president). The legislative branch, the bicameral Parliament, consists of the Senate and the National Assembly, and meet to elect members at both. The judicial branch consists of the Court of Cassation and the Constitutional Council, in which the monarch appoints members to serve life terms.
The government structure of France is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (elected via popular vote), head of government (appointed by president), and cabinet- the Council of Ministers- (appointed by president). The legislative branch, the bicameral Parliament, consists of the Senate and the National Assembly, and meet to elect members at both. The judicial branch consists of the Court of Cassation and the Constitutional Council, in which the monarch appoints members to serve life terms.
Germany - Germany is a federal parliamentary republic. The head of state is President Joachim Gauck. The major political parties are the Alliance '90/Greens, Alternative for Germany, Christian Democratic Union, Christian Social Union, Free Democratic Party, Left Party or Die Linke, and Social Democratic Party.
The government structure of Austria is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (by indirect election via Federal Convention), head of government- the Chancellor- (by indirect election via Federal Parliament), and cabinet (by appointment via president). The legislative branch meets at the bicameral Federal Council (appointed by state governments) and the Federal Diet (elect members). The judicial branch includes one major court: the Federal Court of Justice, in which members are selected by the Judges Election Committee and are appointed by the president.
The government structure of Austria is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (by indirect election via Federal Convention), head of government- the Chancellor- (by indirect election via Federal Parliament), and cabinet (by appointment via president). The legislative branch meets at the bicameral Federal Council (appointed by state governments) and the Federal Diet (elect members). The judicial branch includes one major court: the Federal Court of Justice, in which members are selected by the Judges Election Committee and are appointed by the president.
Liechtenstein - Liechtenstein is a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is Prince Hans Adam II. The major political parties are the Fatherland Union, Progressive Citizens' Party, The Free List, and The Independents.
The government structure of Liechtenstein is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (monarch is hereditary), head of government (appointed by monarch), and cabinet (elected by parliament). The legislative branch, consists of only the unicameral Parliament, also known as the Landtag. The judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court (members elected by Landtag).
The government structure of Liechtenstein is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (monarch is hereditary), head of government (appointed by monarch), and cabinet (elected by parliament). The legislative branch, consists of only the unicameral Parliament, also known as the Landtag. The judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court (members elected by Landtag).
Luxembourg - Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is Grand Duke Henri. The major political parties are the Alternative Democratic Reform Party, Christian Social People's Party, Democratic Party, Green Party, Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party, and The Left.
The government structure of Luxembourg is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (monarch is hereditary), head of government (appointed by monarch), and cabinet (appointed by monarch). The legislative branch, consists of the unicameral Chamber of Deputies and the Council of State, both selected by the Grand Duke. The judicial branch consists of the Superior Court of Justice, which includes the Court of Appeal and Court of Cassation, and also a Constitutional Court (both appointed by monarch).
The government structure of Luxembourg is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (monarch is hereditary), head of government (appointed by monarch), and cabinet (appointed by monarch). The legislative branch, consists of the unicameral Chamber of Deputies and the Council of State, both selected by the Grand Duke. The judicial branch consists of the Superior Court of Justice, which includes the Court of Appeal and Court of Cassation, and also a Constitutional Court (both appointed by monarch).
Monaco - Monaco is a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is Prince Albert II. The major political parties are the Horizon Monaco, Renaissance, and Union Monegasque.
The government structure of Monaco is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (monarch is hereditary), head of government (appointed by monarch), and cabinet (under authority of monarch). The legislative branch consists only of the unicameral National Council (members elected by vote). The judicial branch consists of only the Supreme Court, in which members are appointed by the monarch.
The government structure of Monaco is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (monarch is hereditary), head of government (appointed by monarch), and cabinet (under authority of monarch). The legislative branch consists only of the unicameral National Council (members elected by vote). The judicial branch consists of only the Supreme Court, in which members are appointed by the monarch.
Netherlands - The Netherlands is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy and is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The head of state is King Willem-Alexander. The major political parties are the Christian Democratic Appeal, Christian Union, Democrats 66, 50 Plus, Green Left, Labor Party, Party for Freedom, Party for the Animals, People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, Reformed Political Party, and Socialist Party.
The government structure of the Netherlands is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (monarch is hereditary), head of government (appointed by monarch), and cabinet (appointed by monarch). The legislative branch consists of the bicameral States General (indirectly elected) and the Second Chamber (directly elected). The judicial branch consists of only the Supreme Court (members appointed by monarch), which is divided into criminal, civil, tax, and ombuds chambers.
The government structure of the Netherlands is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (monarch is hereditary), head of government (appointed by monarch), and cabinet (appointed by monarch). The legislative branch consists of the bicameral States General (indirectly elected) and the Second Chamber (directly elected). The judicial branch consists of only the Supreme Court (members appointed by monarch), which is divided into criminal, civil, tax, and ombuds chambers.
Switzerland - Switzerland is a federal republic, but formally a confederation. The head of state is President of the Swiss Confederation Johann N. Schneider-Ammann. The major political parties are the Christian Democratic People's Party, Conservative Democratic Party, Free Democratic Party, Green Liberal Party, Green Party, Social Democratic Party, and Swiss People's Party.
The government structure of Switzerland is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (elected by Federal Assembly), head of government (same person as the chief of state), and cabinet- the Federal Council- (indirectly elected by other members of Federal Assembly). The legislative branch consists of the bicameral Federal Assembly and the National Assembly, in which members of both are directly elected. The judicial branch consists of only the Federal Supreme Court (members elected by Federal Assembly).
The government structure of Switzerland is separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch includes the chief of state (elected by Federal Assembly), head of government (same person as the chief of state), and cabinet- the Federal Council- (indirectly elected by other members of Federal Assembly). The legislative branch consists of the bicameral Federal Assembly and the National Assembly, in which members of both are directly elected. The judicial branch consists of only the Federal Supreme Court (members elected by Federal Assembly).